| 요약2 |
Urban housing in France has been the subject of a series of experiments for different arrangements ranging from the traditional closed block type(ilot ferme) to the more standardized and rational linear type and the ‘grand ensemble’ plan for mass production in the modern era, and to the open block type (ilot ouvert) of late. Among various factors that have brought about changes, it was ‘hygiene’ which completely transformed the urban housing patterns in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Closed blocks were the breeding ground for unhealthy living environment that was only aggravated by the increase in urban population caused by rapid urbanization. Naturally, the task of opening up these blocks emerged as the most important issue to the architects and urban planners. This demand, coupled with the advent of modern architecture and a sudden surge in housing demand following two world wars, has fundamentally changed the urban landscape. The 1980’s, however, saw a return to the ‘block type’ housing in a back-to-back arrangement, only in an open-type this time. Central to all these changes lies the question of ‘how architecture should meet the city’, which is, basically, a question about the ‘boundary’, that can only lead to the question of ‘how the blocks should be opened and closed’. |