| 요약2 |
Purpose: As a result of the Industrial Revolution, housing shortage was a serious social issue in Vienna, Austria during the early 20th century. In the midst of the social confusion after World War I, with the establishment of a socialist system, various measures were taken to resolve the housing shortage in Vienna. Karl Marx-Hof drew great attention among socialists in Vienna as public housing realized under such social environment. The complex remains until now. This study investigated the historical background of Karl Marx Hof, which is considered a typical model of large-scale public housing, and also analyzed its architectural characteristics. Method: For this study, both block-type complexes and super block-type complexes -- which were built in the early 20th century during the Red Vienna era -- were investigated. The outline and architectural characteristics of Karl Marx-Hof, a representative super block-type public housing at that time, was analyzed. Result: The results of this study show that Karl Marx-Hof used "minimal residential units" to address the housing shortage and included various public facilities within the complex. The complex was as much as 1,100m long and was planned carefully considering neighboring stations and residents who lived near the complex. |